Rules of Qadha Fasts

1760. If an insane recovers and becomes sane, it will not be obligatory on him to offer Qadha for the fasts, which he did not observe when he was insane.

1761. If an unbeliever becomes a Muslim, it is not obligatory on him to offer Qadha for the fasts of the period during which he was an unbeliever. Also, it is not obligatory to give Qadha for the day he/she becomes Muslim. But if he/she becomes Muslim before Zuhr, and does not commit an act which invalidates fast, as an obligatory precaution, he/she must make Niyyat and observe fast, and if he/she didn’t, as an obligatory precaution he/she must give its Qadha. However, if a Muslim apostatizes and becomes Muslim again, he must observe Qadha for the fasts of the period during which he remained an apostate.

1762. A person must offer Qadha for the fasts left out due to being intoxicated, even if the intoxicant was taken by him for the purpose of medical treatment.

1763. If a person did not fast on certain days because of some excuse and later doubts about the exact date on which the excuse was over, it will not be obligatory on him to offer Qadha basing his calculation on the higher number. For example, if a person traveled before the commencement of the month of Ramadhan, and now does not remember whether he returned on the 5th of Ramadhan or on the 6th, or if he traveled in the last days of the month of Ramadhan and returned after Ramadhan, and now does not remember whether he travelled on the 25th of Ramadhan or on the 26th, in both the cases, he can observe Qadha based on the lesser number of days, that is, five days. However, the obligatory precaution is that he should offer Qadha for the higher number of days, if he/she knows the time but not the duration of trip.

1764. If a person has to give Qadha for Ramadhan fasts of several years, he can begin with the Qadha of Ramadhan of any year as he likes. But, if the time for Qadha fasts of the last Ramadhan is short, like, if he has to observe five Qadha fasts of the last Ramadhan and only five days are left before the commencement of approaching Ramadhan, it is better to observe Qadha fasts of last Ramadhan.

1765. If a person has Qadha fasts of the month of Ramadhan for several years, and while making Niyyat he does not specify to which year the fasts belong, they will be reckoned to be the Qadha of the 1st year.

1766. A person who observes a Qadha for the fast of Ramadhan can break his fast before Zuhr. However, if the time for Qadha fast is short, it is better

1767. If a person observes Qadha fast of another person, it is better not to break the fast after Zuhr.

1768. If a person does not observe the fasts of the month of Ramadhan due to illness, Hayz or Nifas and dies before he/she can give Qadha in time, he/she will not have any Qadha liability.

1769. If a person does not fast in the month of Ramadhan dur to illness and his illness continues till next Ramadhan, it is not obligatory on him to observe Qadha of the fasts which he had not observed, but for each fast he should give one mudd of food like, wheat, barely, etc. to poor. And if he did not observe fast owing to some other excuse, like, if he did not fast because of travelling and his excuse continued till next Ramadhan, he should observe its Qadha fasts, and the obligatory precaution is that for each day he should give one mudd of food to poor.

1770. If a person did not fast in Ramadhan due to illness ,and his illness ended after Ramadhan, but there emerged another excuse due to which he could not observe the Qadha fasts till next Ramadhan, he should offer Qadha for the fasts which he did not observe. also, if he had an excuse other than illness during Ramadhan, and that excuse ended after Ramadhan, but he then fell ill and could not give Qadha till next Ramadhan because of that illness , he will offer the Qadha for the fasts he id not observe and, on the basis of obligatory precaution, he will give one mudd of food to poor for each day.

1771. if a person does not observe fasts in the month of Ramadhan owing to some excuse and his excuse is removed after Ramadhan, yet he does not observe the Qadha fasts intentionally till next Ramadhan, he has to give Qadha of the fasts and should also give one mudd of food to poor for each fast.

1772. if a person deliberately ignores observing Qadha till the time left is short, and during that short time he develops an excuse, he has to give Qadha and as a precaution, give one mudd of food to poor for each day similarly, if after the excuse is over, he firmly decides to give Qadha, but is unable to do so because of some fresh excuse during that short time, he will follow the above rule, as an obligatory precaution.

1773. If the illness of a person continue for many years, he should, after being cured, observe the Qadha fasts of the last Ramadhan, and for each day of the earlier years he should give one mudd (3/4 Kg.) of food to poor.

1774. A person who has to give one mudd of food to poor for each day, can give food of Kaffarah of a few days to one poor person.

1775. If a person delays observing Qadha fasts of the month of Ramadhan for a few years, he should give the Qadha and should give one mudd of food to a poor person for each day.

1776. If a person does not observe fasts of the month of Ramadhan intentionally, he should give their Qadha and for each day left out, he should observe fast for two months or feed sixty poor persons or set a slave free, and if he does not observe the Qadha till next Ramadhan, he should also give one mudd of food for each day.

1777. If a person does not observe fast of the month of Ramadhan intentionally, and commits several times during the day, acts which invalidated the fast, like eating, one Kaffarah will suffice, as a recommendatory precaution.

1778. After the death of a person his eldest son, as an obligatory precaution, should observe his Qadha fasts as explained in connection with the prayers earlier, and as an obligatory precaution he must do the same for Qadha fasts of his mother.

1779. If the dead person had not observed obligatory fasts other than the fasts of the month of Ramadhan, like, a fast of Nadhr, the obligatory precaution is that his eldest son should observe its Qadha.